॥ दोहा ॥
श्री गुरु चरण सरोज रज, निज मन मुकुर सुधारि ।
बरनऊँ रघुबर बिमल जसु, जो दायक फल चारि ।।
बुद्धिहीन तनु जानिके, सुमिरौं पवन-कुमार |
बल बुधि विद्या देहु मोहिं, हरहु कलेस विकार ||
॥ चौपाई ॥
- जय हनुमान ज्ञान गुण सागर ।
जय कपीस तिहुँ लोक उजागर ॥ - राम दूत अतुलित बल धामा ।
अंजनि-पुत्र पवनसुत नामा ॥ - महावीर विक्रम बजरंगी ।
कुमति निवार सुमति के संगी ॥ - कंचन बरन बिराज सुबेसा ।
कानन कुंडल कुंचित केसा ॥ - हाथ बज्र औ ध्वजा बिराजे ।
काँधे मूँज जनेऊ साजे ॥ - शंकर सुवन केसरी नंदन ।
तेज प्रताप महा जग वंदन ॥ - विद्यावान गुनी अति चातुर ।
राम काज करिबे को आतुर ॥ - प्रभु चरित्र सुनिबे को रसिया ।
राम लखन सीता मन बसिया ॥ - सूक्ष्म रूप धरि सियहिं दिखावा ।
विकट रूप धरि लंक जरावा ॥ - भीम रूप धरि असुर सँहारे ।
रामचन्द्र के काज सँवारे ॥ - लाय सजीवन लखन जियाये ।
श्री रघुबीर हरषि उर लाये ॥ - रघुपति कीन्ही बहुत बड़ाई ।
तुम मम प्रिय भरतहि सम भाई ॥ - सहस बदन तुम्हरो जस गावैं ।
अस कहि श्रीपति कंठ लगावैं ॥ - सनकादिक ब्रह्मादि मुनीसा ।
नारद सारद सहित अहीसा ॥ - जम कुबेर दिगपाल जहाँ ते ।
कवि कोविद कहि सके कहाँ ते ॥ - तुम उपकार सुग्रीवहि कीन्हा ।
राम मिलाय राजपद दीन्हा ॥ - तुम्हरो मंत्र विभीषण माना ।
लंकेश्वर भए सब जग जाना ॥ - जुग सहस्र जोजन पर भानू ।
लील्यो ताहि मधुर फल जानू ॥ - प्रभु मुद्रिका मेलि मुख माही ।
जलधि लाँघि गये अचरज नाही ॥ - दुर्गम काज जगत के जेते ।
सुगम अनुग्रह तुम्हरे तेते ॥ - राम दुआरे तुम रखवारे ।
होत न आज्ञा बिनु पैसारे ॥ - सब सुख लहै तुम्हारी सरना ।
तुम रक्षक काहू को डर ना ॥ - आपन तेज सम्हारो आपै ।
तीनों लोक हाँक ते काँपै ॥ - भूत पिशाच निकट नहिं आवै ।
महावीर जब नाम सुनावै ॥ - नासे रोग हरै सब पीरा ।
जपत निरंतर हनुमत बीरा ॥ - संकट से हनुमान छुड़ावै ।
मन क्रम वचन ध्यान जो लावै ॥ - सब पर राम तपस्वी राजा ।
तिन के काज सकल तुम साजा ॥ - और मनोरथ जो कोई लावै ।
सोई अमित जीवन फल पावै ॥ - चारों युग परताप तुम्हारा ।
है परसिद्ध जगत उजियारा ॥ - साधु संत के तुम रखवारे ।
असुर निकंदन राम दुलारे ॥ - अष्ट सिद्धि नौ निधि के दाता ।
अस बर दीन जानकी माता ॥ - राम रसायन तुम्हरे पासा ।
सदा रहो रघुपति के दासा ॥ - तुम्हरे भजन राम को पावै ।
जनम-जनम के दुख बिसरावै ॥ - अंत काल रघुबीर पुर जाई ।
जहाँ जन्म हरिभक्त कहाई ॥ - और देवता चित्त न धरई ।
हनुमत सेई सर्ब सुख करई ॥ - संकट कटै मिटै सब पीरा ।
जो सुमिरै हनुमत बलबीरा ॥ - जय जय जय हनुमान गोसाईं ।
कृपा करहु गुरुदेव की नाईं ॥ - जो सत बार पाठ कर कोई ।
छूटहि बंदि महा सुख होई ॥ - जो यह पढ़ै हनुमान चालीसा ।
होय सिद्धि साखी गौरीसा ॥ - तुलसीदास सदा हरि चेरा ।
कीजै नाथ हृदय मह डेरा ॥
॥ दोहा (समापन) ॥
पवन तनय संकट हरन, मंगल मूरति रूप ।
राम लखन सीता सहित, हृदय बसहु सुर भूप ॥
Origin and Authorship
The Hanuman Chalisa, a devotional hymn celebrated for its lyrical beauty and spiritual potency, is an enduring masterpiece composed by the 16th-century poet-saint Tulsidas. This revered work was written in the Awadhi language—a dialect of Hindi that was widely spoken in northern India during Tulsidas’s time—thus reflecting not only the linguistic flavor of the period but also the intent to make divine knowledge accessible to the common people.
Tulsidas, whose literary genius is also evident in his magnum opus, the Ramcharitmanas, composed the Hanuman Chalisa as a heartfelt tribute to Lord Hanuman, the monkey god who epitomizes strength, loyalty, and unyielding devotion to Lord Rama. Tulsidas’s decision to honor Hanuman through this hymn was both a personal and a cultural gesture; it served as an embodiment of the Bhakti Movement’s emphasis on deep, personal connections with the divine. By choosing the vernacular over classical Sanskrit, Tulsidas ensured that spiritual wisdom would resonate with a broader audience, democratizing religious expression and inspiring countless devotees.
The structure of the Hanuman Chalisa is as innovative as it is deliberate. The hymn is composed of 40 verses—each known as a “chaupai”—framed by an introductory couplet (dohā) and a concluding couplet, which together lend the piece a rhythmic cadence that is both meditative and easy to memorize. Each verse succinctly captures a distinct facet of Hanuman’s character and exploits, ranging from his physical prowess to his deep-seated humility and unwavering dedication. This repetitive and rhythmic format was designed not merely for aesthetic appeal but also as a mnemonic tool, enabling devotees to recall and recite the hymn with ease, thereby reinforcing their spiritual focus and resilience.
In crafting the Chalisa, Tulsidas blended literary simplicity with profound spiritual insight. His choice of the Awadhi language was strategic—by employing a tongue that was accessible to the masses, he transcended the linguistic barriers that had traditionally limited spiritual teachings to the learned elite. This approach, rooted in the ethos of the Bhakti Movement, allowed the Chalisa to spread rapidly among the common folk, becoming a vital tool for personal and communal devotion. It is this combination of accessible language, poetic brevity, and thematic depth that has ensured the hymn’s longevity and continued relevance in the devotional practices of millions.
Furthermore, the Hanuman Chalisa is not just a religious recitation; it is also a literary artifact that reflects the cultural and historical currents of its time. Written during an era when devotional literature was flourishing, the hymn captures the zeitgeist of a society that was experiencing a profound transformation in its approach to spirituality. The Bhakti Movement, with its focus on heartfelt devotion and personal experience of the divine, provided the fertile ground from which Tulsidas’s work sprang. In this context, the Chalisa can be seen as both a reflection of its historical milieu and a pioneering work that helped to shape the trajectory of devotional literature in India.
Tulsidas’s contribution through the Hanuman Chalisa is significant not only for its artistic merit but also for its role in the cultural and spiritual life of the Indian subcontinent. His ability to encapsulate the multifaceted persona of Hanuman—portraying him as a warrior, protector, and symbol of unwavering devotion—has cemented the hymn’s status as a timeless beacon of faith. Today, the Chalisa is recited in homes, temples, and public gatherings alike, serving as a spiritual bulwark against adversity and a source of inspiration for those seeking inner strength.
In essence, the origins and authorship of the Hanuman Chalisa lie at the intersection of literary brilliance, cultural transformation, and deep spiritual insight. Tulsidas’s innovative use of language and structure not only honored the divine qualities of Lord Hanuman but also created a work that continues to inspire and empower devotees across generations.
Historical and Cultural Context
The Hanuman Chalisa stands as a remarkable testament to the transformative spirit of the Bhakti Movement in 16th-century North India. This era marked a significant shift from the rigid, ritualistic practices of the past to a more personal, heartfelt engagement with the divine. At its core, the Bhakti Movement sought to democratize spiritual wisdom by encouraging the use of local languages and direct, emotional devotion. It was in this vibrant cultural and religious milieu that Tulsidas composed the Hanuman Chalisa, crafting a hymn that would resonate deeply with the common people and bridge the gap between the learned elite and the masses.
During this period, society was undergoing profound changes. The established norms of religious expression were being challenged as spiritual leaders and poets began to embrace the vernacular. This movement was not merely a literary revolution but a socio-cultural one that redefined the relationship between the devotee and the divine. Tulsidas’s decision to write in Awadhi—a language accessible to the everyday person—was a deliberate and strategic choice. It allowed him to bypass the complexities of Sanskrit, making the hymn both accessible and relatable to a wide audience. In doing so, he laid the foundation for a form of worship that was intimate, direct, and imbued with the collective hopes and struggles of the people.
The Hanuman Chalisa, with its rhythmic 40 verses (chaupais) and interspersed couplets, functioned as more than just a hymn; it became a practical tool for meditation and spiritual reinforcement. Each verse encapsulated key aspects of Hanuman’s character—his bravery, loyalty, and unwavering devotion—while also serving as a source of solace and protection for devotees facing personal and societal challenges. The repetitive and rhythmic nature of the verses ensured that the spiritual message was both easily memorized and powerfully internalized, reinforcing the devotee’s resolve and inner strength during trying times.
This period of the Bhakti Movement was characterized by a strong sense of community and collective identity. In a time of political flux and regional upheaval, the emergence of devotional literature provided a unifying force for diverse groups. Tulsidas’s work captured the zeitgeist of a society in search of spiritual meaning and resilience. The hymn became a vehicle for expressing communal values—of courage, selfless service, and unwavering faith—and its recitation was a means of invoking divine protection and moral guidance. Such cultural practices not only fostered a sense of belonging among the people but also helped to stabilize communities amidst external uncertainties.
Furthermore, the cultural impact of the Hanuman Chalisa extends far beyond its immediate religious function. The hymn became a living tradition, passed down through generations, evolving into a symbol of resistance against social and political challenges. Its themes of hope, protection, and the triumph of good over evil have continued to inspire and unite people across different regions and eras. The Chalisa’s enduring relevance is a direct reflection of its deep roots in the cultural and historical dynamics of its time—a period when devotional literature was a powerful force for social change.
For readers intrigued by the interplay between historical context and regional spirituality, exploring other cultural narratives can be immensely rewarding. If you are interested in gaining more insight into the rich tapestry of South Asian spiritual traditions—particularly those centered around fierce deities—please visit Dakshinkali Temple: A Journey into Nepal’s Fierce Goddess Shrine for a detailed exploration of Dakshina Kali’s cultural significance.
In summary, the historical and cultural context of the Hanuman Chalisa is a multifaceted tapestry woven from the threads of linguistic accessibility, communal solidarity, and a profound reimagining of devotional practice. Tulsidas’s masterpiece is not only a hymn but also a reflection of an era that championed emotional connection, inclusivity, and transformative spiritual expression—a legacy that continues to inspire millions to this day.
Literary Style and Structure
The Hanuman Chalisa is a masterclass in literary precision and rhythmic design, crafted with an artistry that marries devotional fervor with mnemonic elegance. Tulsidas, the brilliant poet-saint behind this masterpiece, employed a literary style that was both accessible and deeply layered, ensuring that the hymn resonated with a diverse audience—ranging from the erudite scholar to the humble devotee.
At the heart of the Chalisa’s appeal lies its deliberate structure. Comprising 40 succinct chaupais (verses) framed by introductory and concluding dohas (couplets), the hymn is meticulously organized to guide the listener through a progressive narrative of devotion and valor. Each verse encapsulates a distinct aspect of Lord Hanuman’s persona, from his boundless strength and valor to his humility and unwavering commitment to Lord Rama. This segmented approach allows devotees to meditate on individual virtues, thereby reinforcing their spiritual resolve one verse at a time.
Tulsidas’s choice of the Awadhi language plays a pivotal role in the hymn’s literary charm. By writing in the vernacular, he broke away from the elitism of classical Sanskrit, making the spiritual wisdom embedded in the Chalisa accessible to the common man. The language is simple yet potent, ensuring that its rhythmic cadence and repetitive refrains are easy to memorize and recite. This simplicity, however, does not detract from the hymn’s profound depth; instead, it invites multiple layers of interpretation, making each recitation a unique journey of introspection and connection with the divine.
The hymn’s rhythmic quality is further enhanced by its balanced use of repetition and variation. The repetitive structure, inherent in the cyclical recitation of its verses, not only aids memorization but also transforms the practice into a meditative exercise. As devotees repeat the verses, the rhythmic cadence begins to instill a sense of calm and focus, effectively turning the recitation into a form of moving meditation. This rhythmic quality is reminiscent of traditional oral storytelling practices, where the melody of words helped preserve and transmit cultural and spiritual narratives across generations.
Another significant element of the Chalisa’s literary style is its concise imagery and symbolism. Each chaupai is laden with metaphors that vividly portray Hanuman’s divine attributes and heroic exploits. For instance, the use of powerful imagery not only celebrates Hanuman’s physical might but also metaphorically represents the triumph of good over evil and the inner strength that comes from unwavering devotion. Such symbolism enriches the text, offering layers of meaning that invite both literal and allegorical interpretations.
Moreover, the structural design of the Chalisa reflects an intrinsic balance between form and function. The introductory and concluding dohas serve as a thematic bookend, setting the tone and summarizing the spiritual journey encapsulated in the verses. These couplets provide a succinct overview of the hymn’s purpose, framing the detailed narrative that unfolds in the 40 chaupais. This symmetry and balance enhance the hymn’s overall impact, making it not just a devotional recitation but also a finely tuned literary work.
The enduring influence of the Hanuman Chalisa is a testament to Tulsidas’s mastery of both poetic form and spiritual expression. Its literary style has inspired numerous adaptations and interpretations in various art forms, ensuring that its timeless message continues to engage audiences even centuries after its composition. The interplay of rhythmic repetition, accessible language, and layered symbolism has set a benchmark in devotional literature, influencing subsequent generations of poets and spiritual writers.
For readers who appreciate the interplay between literary craftsmanship and devotional practice, exploring further dimensions of devotional hymns can be enriching. To dive deeper into the world of sacred recitations and understand the nuances of another revered hymn, please visit Shani Chalisa for a detailed exploration of its literary and spiritual significance.
In summary, the literary style and structure of the Hanuman Chalisa exemplify Tulsidas’s profound ability to weave devotion with literary excellence. The careful balance of rhythmic cadence, accessible language, and layered symbolism not only enhances the hymn’s memorability but also transforms its recitation into an immersive spiritual experience. Through this masterfully crafted structure, the Chalisa continues to inspire and uplift, affirming its timeless role in the devotional and literary heritage of India.
Conclusion
The Hanuman Chalisa stands as an enduring beacon of devotion and literary brilliance, transcending time and cultural boundaries to inspire millions across generations. Through its intricate tapestry of poetic expression and spiritual wisdom, the hymn not only reflects the genius of Tulsidas but also embodies the transformative spirit of the Bhakti Movement—a period that revolutionized devotional literature by making spiritual wisdom accessible to the common man.
At its core, the Chalisa is a celebration of divine attributes that resonate deeply with the human spirit. It encapsulates the heroic virtues of Lord Hanuman—courage, loyalty, and an unwavering commitment to righteousness—presenting these qualities in a format that is both memorable and meditative. The meticulously crafted 40 verses, framed by introductory and concluding couplets, serve as a rhythmic guide, enabling devotees to internalize and reflect on the spiritual ideals embodied within. This structural design, marked by its balance of repetition and variation, transforms the recitation into a powerful meditative exercise that reinforces inner strength and spiritual focus.
Tulsidas’s decision to compose the hymn in Awadhi—a language that was accessible to the broader populace—was a masterstroke that democratized spiritual knowledge. By forgoing the exclusivity of classical Sanskrit, he opened the doors of divine wisdom to people from all walks of life, fostering a deep and personal connection with the sacred. This approach not only elevated the status of regional languages but also catalyzed a cultural shift in how spirituality was perceived and practiced. The Hanuman Chalisa, therefore, is not just a devotional recitation; it is a literary artifact that captures the essence of an era marked by profound socio-cultural transformation.
Moreover, the historical and cultural context of the Hanuman Chalisa underscores its multifaceted significance. Emerging at a time when society was redefining its relationship with the divine, the hymn provided a unifying force that helped bridge diverse communities through shared values of faith and resilience. Its verses, imbued with rich symbolism and metaphor, continue to serve as a source of solace and strength in moments of personal and collective adversity. The enduring popularity of the Chalisa—whether in the quiet solitude of a home or the vibrant atmosphere of a temple—attests to its timeless appeal and its capacity to inspire unwavering devotion.
In a modern context, the Hanuman Chalisa remains a living tradition, seamlessly integrating with contemporary practices while preserving its ancient wisdom. Its influence extends beyond the realm of spirituality, impacting art, music, and cultural discourse. The hymn’s adaptability to modern mediums—such as digital recordings and online platforms—has ensured that its message of hope, protection, and divine grace reaches a global audience. As modern devotees continue to explore its layered meanings and spiritual insights, the Chalisa serves as a reminder of the profound power of faith and the timeless relevance of devotional literature.
Ultimately, the Hanuman Chalisa is much more than a hymn; it is a legacy—a confluence of art, spirituality, and cultural evolution. Its enduring presence in the lives of countless devotees speaks to the universal human quest for connection, meaning, and inner strength. Tulsidas’s masterful blend of accessible language, rhythmic structure, and deep spiritual insight has created a work that not only stands as a testament to devotional fervor but also as a guiding light for those seeking solace in turbulent times.
As we reflect on the multifaceted legacy of the Hanuman Chalisa, it becomes clear that its true power lies in its ability to unify, inspire, and empower. It remains an invaluable spiritual resource, offering comfort, resilience, and an ever-present reminder of the divine within. Through the continued recitation and study of this sacred hymn, both ancient and modern generations are invited to embark on a journey of introspection, spiritual renewal, and cultural appreciation—a journey that reaffirms the timeless bond between humanity and the divine.
